初等函数的导数公式速记

Posted by YongQiang on March 7, 2025
  1. 常数的导数
    \((c)' = 0\)

  2. 幂函数导数
    \((x^a)' = a x^{a-1} \quad (a \in \mathbb{R})\)

  3. 三角函数导数
    \((\sin x)' = \cos x, \quad (\cos x)' = -\sin x\)

  4. 正切、余切及正割、余割导数
    \((\tan x)' = \sec^2 x, \quad (\cot x)' = -\csc^2 x\)
    \((\sec x)' = \sec x \tan x, \quad (\csc x)' = -\csc x \cot x\)

  5. 指数函数导数
    \((a^x)' = a^x \ln a, \quad (e^x)' = e^x\)

  6. 对数函数导数
    \((\log_a x)' = \frac{1}{x \ln a}, \quad (\ln x)' = \frac{1}{x}\)

  7. 反三角函数导数
    \((\arcsin x)' = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}, \quad (\arccos x)' = -\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
    \((\arctan x)' = \frac{1}{1+x^2}, \quad (\text{arccot } x)' = -\frac{1}{1+x^2}\)

  8. 和差法则
    \((u \pm v)' = u' \pm v'\)

  9. 乘积与常数乘法法则
    \((uv)' = u'v + uv', \quad (cu)' = c u' \quad (c \text{为常数})\)

  10. 商法则与倒数法则
    \(\left( \frac{u}{v} \right)' = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}, \quad \left( \frac{1}{v} \right)' = -\frac{v'}{v^2}\)

  11. 反函数求导法则
    \(\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}\)